- UNIT-I
Introduction to E-CommerceThe Scope of Electronic Commerce Definition of Electronic Commerce,Electronic E-commerce and the Trade CycleElectronic Markets, Electronic Data InterchangeInternet Commerce, E-Commerce in PerspectiveBusiness Strategy in an Electronic Age: Supply ChainsPorter’s Value Chain Model, Inter-Organizational Value ChainsCompetitive Strategy, Porter’s ModelFirst Mover Advantage Sustainable Competitive AdvantageCompetitive Advantage using E-CommerceBusiness Strategy, Introduction to Business StrategyStrategic Implications of IT, TechnologyBusiness Environment, Business CapabilityExiting Business Strategy, Strategy Formulation & Implementation PlanningE-Commerce ImplementationE-Commerce EvaluationBusiness-to-Business Electronic CommerceCharacteristics of B2B ECModels of B2B EcProcurement Management Using the Buyer’s Internal MarketplaceJust in Time Delivery B2B ModelsAuctions and Services from Traditional to Internet-Based EDIIntegration with Back-end Information SystemThe Role of Software Agents for B2B ECElectronic marketing in B2B Solutions of B2B ECManagerial Issues Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)EDI: The Nuts and Bolts EDI & BusinessInternet and ExtranetThe Largest Extranet,Architecture of the Internet
Intranet and Extranet Intranet software ,Applications of IntranetsIntranet Application Case StudiesConsiderations in Intranet DeploymentThe Extranets, The structures of ExtranetsExtranet products & services
Applications of Extranets,Business Models of Extranet Applications, Managerial IssuesElectronic Payment Systems,Is SET a failureElectronic Payments & Protocols
Security Schemes in Electronic payment systems, Electronic Credit card system on the InternetElectronic Fund Transfer and Debit cards on the InternetStored – value Cards and E-Cash,Electronic Check SystemsProspect of Electronic Payment Systems,Managerial Issues
The Role of Software Agents for B2B EC
Although the theory of agents stated that agent is given a very famous with the growth of the internet. Software agents are a piece of software that works for the user. However, the software agent is not just a program. An agent is a system situated within and a part of an environment that senses that environment and acts on it.
Type of Software agents: Agents are classified into different types based on the characteristics they possess. In order to possess the above properties agents must have distinct features such as locomotion, integration, co-operation, information, stimulation, etc. For the same sake, software agents are classified into 8 agents.
1. Collaborative agents: A collaborative agent is a software program that helps users solve the problem, especially in complex or unfamiliar domains by correcting errors, suggesting what to do next, and taking care of low-level details. Collaborative agents are also refereed as collagen. In spite of their behavior of autonomy, co-operation, and learning, collagen punctuates the first two behaviors. In order to perform these, they have to agree on acceptable protocols.
2. Interface agents: Interface agents are computer programs that employ machine learning techniques in order to provide assistance to a user dealing with a particular application (Maes, 1994b). These agents take a sufficient amount of time to understand and learn human behavior before they are onto work. In spite of their artificial learning thoughts, they are limited co-operative with other agents.
3. Mobile agents: A mobile agent is an executing program that can migrate during execution from one machine to another in a heterogeneous network. Mobile agents are used to solving any problem of network computing with minimum bandwidth and connectivity. The theme behind these agents is, „give the program the ability to move‟. The main advantage of the mobile agent over stationery agent are:
(a)This is not bound to the system where it begins execution.
(b) It can move from one system to another within the network.
(c) Both the state and code is transported.
4. Information/Internet agents: The intelligent part of software which can automatically search for information on the website is termed as information agents. The information system can be considered as a knowledge base system. These agents are defined by what they do unlike collaborative agents or interface agents which are defined by what they are. 5. Reactive agents: These agents are responsible for stimulating the response to the present state of the environment in which they are embedded. These agents interact with other agents in a very simple and basic way.
(a)There is no prior specification of the behavior of these agents set since the dynamic interaction leads to the emergent complexity.
(b) Reactive agents are responsible for the collection of modules that operate autonomously. (c) Reactive agents tend to operate on representations that are close to raw sensor data.
(d) Intelligent behavior is the interaction of these agents with their environment.
(a) Hybrid agents: Combining two or more of the previously mentioned agent philosophies will yield a better functioning agent. E.g.: Synergy of a reactive and collaborative model. The expectation is that this hypothesis will come true.
(b) Heterogeneous agents: These agent systems unlike a hybrid, refers to an integrated set up of at least two or more agents that belong to two or more different agent classes. These may also contain two or more hybrid agents.
(c) Smarts agents: The smart agents are the new form of software agents that interface with other agents forming an artificial intelligence. SMART stands for System for Managing Agents for Real Time. The key concept lies here is not the entire individual agent need be intelligent. But by working together in a smart way the agents form a type of emergent intelligence that may appears to exhibit intelligence.
Although the theory of agents stated that agent is given a very famous with the growth of the internet. Software agents are a piece of software that works for the user. However, the software agent is not just a program. An agent is a system situated within and a part of an environment that senses that environment and acts on it.
Type of Software agents: Agents are classified into different types based on the characteristics they possess. In order to possess the above properties agents must have distinct features such as locomotion, integration, co-operation, information, stimulation, etc. For the same sake, software agents are classified into 8 agents.
1. Collaborative agents: A collaborative agent is a software program that helps users solve the problem, especially in complex or unfamiliar domains by correcting errors, suggesting what to do next, and taking care of low-level details. Collaborative agents are also refereed as collagen. In spite of their behavior of autonomy, co-operation, and learning, collagen punctuates the first two behaviors. In order to perform these, they have to agree on acceptable protocols.
2. Interface agents: Interface agents are computer programs that employ machine learning techniques in order to provide assistance to a user dealing with a particular application (Maes, 1994b). These agents take a sufficient amount of time to understand and learn human behavior before they are onto work. In spite of their artificial learning thoughts, they are limited co-operative with other agents.
3. Mobile agents: A mobile agent is an executing program that can migrate during execution from one machine to another in a heterogeneous network. Mobile agents are used to solving any problem of network computing with minimum bandwidth and connectivity. The theme behind these agents is, „give the program the ability to move‟. The main advantage of the mobile agent over stationery agent are:
(a)This is not bound to the system where it begins execution.
(b) It can move from one system to another within the network.
(c) Both the state and code is transported.
4. Information/Internet agents: The intelligent part of software which can automatically search for information on the website is termed as information agents. The information system can be considered as a knowledge base system. These agents are defined by what they do unlike collaborative agents or interface agents which are defined by what they are. 5. Reactive agents: These agents are responsible for stimulating the response to the present state of the environment in which they are embedded. These agents interact with other agents in a very simple and basic way.
(a)There is no prior specification of the behavior of these agents set since the dynamic interaction leads to the emergent complexity.
(b) Reactive agents are responsible for the collection of modules that operate autonomously. (c) Reactive agents tend to operate on representations that are close to raw sensor data.
(d) Intelligent behavior is the interaction of these agents with their environment.
(a) Hybrid agents: Combining two or more of the previously mentioned agent philosophies will yield a better functioning agent. E.g.: Synergy of a reactive and collaborative model. The expectation is that this hypothesis will come true.
(b) Heterogeneous agents: These agent systems unlike a hybrid, refers to an integrated set up of at least two or more agents that belong to two or more different agent classes. These may also contain two or more hybrid agents.
(c) Smarts agents: The smart agents are the new form of software agents that interface with other agents forming an artificial intelligence. SMART stands for System for Managing Agents for Real Time. The key concept lies here is not the entire individual agent need be intelligent. But by working together in a smart way the agents form a type of emergent intelligence that may appears to exhibit intelligence.
Type of Software agents: Agents are classified into different types based on the characteristics they possess. In order to possess the above properties agents must have distinct features such as locomotion, integration, co-operation, information, stimulation, etc. For the same sake, software agents are classified into 8 agents.
1. Collaborative agents: A collaborative agent is a software program that helps users solve the problem, especially in complex or unfamiliar domains by correcting errors, suggesting what to do next, and taking care of low-level details. Collaborative agents are also refereed as collagen. In spite of their behavior of autonomy, co-operation, and learning, collagen punctuates the first two behaviors. In order to perform these, they have to agree on acceptable protocols.
2. Interface agents: Interface agents are computer programs that employ machine learning techniques in order to provide assistance to a user dealing with a particular application (Maes, 1994b). These agents take a sufficient amount of time to understand and learn human behavior before they are onto work. In spite of their artificial learning thoughts, they are limited co-operative with other agents.
3. Mobile agents: A mobile agent is an executing program that can migrate during execution from one machine to another in a heterogeneous network. Mobile agents are used to solving any problem of network computing with minimum bandwidth and connectivity. The theme behind these agents is, „give the program the ability to move‟. The main advantage of the mobile agent over stationery agent are:
(a)This is not bound to the system where it begins execution.
(b) It can move from one system to another within the network.
(c) Both the state and code is transported.
4. Information/Internet agents: The intelligent part of software which can automatically search for information on the website is termed as information agents. The information system can be considered as a knowledge base system. These agents are defined by what they do unlike collaborative agents or interface agents which are defined by what they are. 5. Reactive agents: These agents are responsible for stimulating the response to the present state of the environment in which they are embedded. These agents interact with other agents in a very simple and basic way.
(a)There is no prior specification of the behavior of these agents set since the dynamic interaction leads to the emergent complexity.
(b) Reactive agents are responsible for the collection of modules that operate autonomously. (c) Reactive agents tend to operate on representations that are close to raw sensor data.
(d) Intelligent behavior is the interaction of these agents with their environment.
(a) Hybrid agents: Combining two or more of the previously mentioned agent philosophies will yield a better functioning agent. E.g.: Synergy of a reactive and collaborative model. The expectation is that this hypothesis will come true.
(b) Heterogeneous agents: These agent systems unlike a hybrid, refers to an integrated set up of at least two or more agents that belong to two or more different agent classes. These may also contain two or more hybrid agents.
(c) Smarts agents: The smart agents are the new form of software agents that interface with other agents forming an artificial intelligence. SMART stands for System for Managing Agents for Real Time. The key concept lies here is not the entire individual agent need be intelligent. But by working together in a smart way the agents form a type of emergent intelligence that may appears to exhibit intelligence.
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