- UNIT-I
Introduction to E-CommerceThe Scope of Electronic Commerce Definition of Electronic Commerce,Electronic E-commerce and the Trade CycleElectronic Markets, Electronic Data InterchangeInternet Commerce, E-Commerce in PerspectiveBusiness Strategy in an Electronic Age: Supply ChainsPorter’s Value Chain Model, Inter-Organizational Value ChainsCompetitive Strategy, Porter’s ModelFirst Mover Advantage Sustainable Competitive AdvantageCompetitive Advantage using E-CommerceBusiness Strategy, Introduction to Business StrategyStrategic Implications of IT, TechnologyBusiness Environment, Business CapabilityExiting Business Strategy, Strategy Formulation & Implementation PlanningE-Commerce ImplementationE-Commerce EvaluationBusiness-to-Business Electronic CommerceCharacteristics of B2B ECModels of B2B EcProcurement Management Using the Buyer’s Internal MarketplaceJust in Time DeliveryB2B ModelsAuctions and Services from Traditional to Internet-Based EDIThe Role of Software Agents for B2B ECElectronic marketing in B2BSolutions of B2B ECManagerial IssuesElectronic Data Interchange (EDI)EDI: The Nuts and BoltsEDI & BusinessInternet and ExtranetAutomotive Network ExchangeThe Largest ExtranetArchitecture of the InternetIntranet and ExtranetIntranet softwareApplications of IntranetsIntranet Application Case StudiesConsiderations in Intranet DeploymentThe Extranets, The structures of ExtranetsExtranet products & servicesApplications of ExtranetsBusiness Models of Extranet Applications, Managerial IssuesElectronic Payment SystemsIs SET a failureElectronic Payments & ProtocolsSecurity Schemes in Electronic payment systemsElectronic Credit card system on the InternetElectronic Fund Transfer and Debit cards on the InternetStored – value Cards and E-CashElectronic Check SystemsProspect of Electronic Payment SystemsManagerial IssuesInternet Protocols
What is Internet Protocol (IP)?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a convention, or set of rules, for directing and tending to bundles of information so they can traverse organizes and show up at the right goal. Information navigating the Internet is separated into little pieces, called parcels. IP data is appended to every parcel, and this data encourages switches to send bundles to the perfect spot. Each gadget or area that associates with the Internet is allotted an IP address, and as bundles are coordinated to the IP address joined to them, the information shows up where it is required.
When the parcels show up at their goal, they are taken care of distinctively relying upon which transport convention is utilized in blend with IP. The most widely recognized vehicle conventions are TCP and UDP.
What is a system convention?
In systems administration, a convention is an institutionalized method for doing certain activities and arranging the information so at least two gadgets can speak with and see one another.
To comprehend why conventions are fundamental, think about the way toward mailing a letter. On the envelope, addresses are written in the accompanying request: name, road address, city, state, and postal district. In the event that an envelope is dropped into a letterbox with the postal district composed first, trailed by the road address, trailed by the state, etc, the mail station won't convey it. There is a settled upon convention for composing addresses all together for the postal framework to work. Similarly, all IP information parcels must present certain data in a specific request, and all IP addresses follow an institutionalized configuration.
What is an IP address? How accomplishes IP tending to function?
An IP address is a one of a kind identifier relegated to a gadget or area that interfaces with the Internet. Every IP address is a progression of characters, for example, '192.168.1.1'. Through DNS resolvers, which decipher intelligible area names into IP addresses, clients can get to sites without retaining this mind-boggling arrangement of characters. Every IP parcel will contain both the IP address of the gadget or space sending the bundle and the IP address of the planned beneficiary, much like how both the goal address and the arrival address are remembered for a bit of mail.
IPv4 versus IPv6
The fourth form of IP (IPv4 for short) was presented in 1983. Be that as it may, similarly as there are just such a significant number of potential changes for car tag numbers and they must be reformatted intermittently, the stockpile of accessible IPv4 addresses has gotten exhausted. IPv6 addresses have a lot more characters and consequently more changes; nonetheless, IPv6 isn't yet totally embraced, and most spaces gadgets despite everything have IPv4 addresses. For additional on IPv4 and IPv6, see What is my IP address?
What is an IP packet?
IP packets are created by adding an IP header to each packet of data before it is sent on its way. An IP header is just a series of bits (ones and zeros), and it records several pieces of information about the packet, including the sending and receiving IP address. IP headers also report:
- Header length
- Packet length
- Time To Live (TTL), or the number of networks hops a packet can make before it is discarded
Which transport protocol is being used (TCP, UDP, etc.)
Which transport convention is being utilized (TCP, UDP, and so on.)
Altogether there are 14 fields for data in IPv4 headers, albeit one of them is discretionary.
How does IP routing work?
The Internet is made up of interconnected large networks that are each responsible for certain blocks of IP addresses; these large networks are known as autonomous systems (AS). A variety of routing protocols, including BGP, help route packets across ASes based on their destination IP addresses. Routers have routing tables that indicate which ASes the packets should travel through in order to reach the desired destination as quickly as possible. Packets travel from AS to AS until they reach one that claims responsibility for the targeted IP address. That AS then internally routes the packets to the destination.
What is TCP/IP?
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a vehicle convention, which means it directs the manner in which information is sent and gotten. A TCP header is remembered for the information segment of every parcel that utilizes TCP/IP. Prior to transmitting information, TCP opens an association with the beneficiary. TCP guarantees that all parcels show up all together once transmission starts. By means of TCP, the beneficiary will recognize accepting every parcel that shows up. Missing bundles will be sent again if a receipt isn't recognized.
TCP is intended for unwavering quality, not speed. Since TCP needs to ensure all bundles show up altogether, stacking information by means of TCP/IP can take longer if a few parcels are absent.
TCP and IP were initially intended to be utilized together, and these are regularly alluded to as the TCP/IP suite. Be that as it may, other vehicle conventions can be utilized with IP.
What is UDP/IP?
The User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is another broadly utilized vehicle convention. It's quicker than TCP, however, it is likewise less solid. UDP doesn't ensure all parcels are conveyed and all together, and it doesn't build up an association before starting or getting transmissions.
UDP/IP is typically used for gushing sound or video, as these are use situations where the danger of dropped bundles (which means, missing information) is exceeded by the need to keep the transmission continuous. For example, when clients are viewing a video on the web, a few out of every odd pixel must be available for each edge of the video. Clients would prefer to have the video play at ordinary speed than sit and trust that all of the information will be conveyed.
Next TopicWeb-Based Client/ Server
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