BCA 2nd Sem Notes- Nested structures in C

• UNIT-I (Array)

Definition

Declaration & initialization of 1D 

Accessing array elements

Displaying array elements

Sorting arrays

Arrays and function

Declaration & initialization of 1D

Accessing and Displaying

Memory representation of array [Row Major, Column Major]

Multidimensional array

UNIT-II (Pointers)

Definition

Declaration & initialization

Indirection operator

address of operator

pointer arithmetic

dynamic memory allocation

arrays and pointers

function and pointers

UNIT-III (Strings)

Definition

Declaration & initialization

standard library            function strlen()

  strlen(),strcpy(),       strcat() ,strcmp()

Implementation without using standard library functions

UNIT-IV (Structures)

Definition

Declaration & initialization

Accessing fields

structure operations

Nested structures

Union: Definition  declaration

Differentiate between Union and structure

UNIT-V                                     (C Pre-processor)

Definition
Macro substitution directives
File inclusion directives
Conditional compilation
Bitwise Operators
Shift operators
Masks
Bitfield

UNIT-VI                                (File Handling)

Definition of Files,
Opening modes of files
Standard function
fopen(), fclose(),             feof()  fseek(),                    fewind()
Using text files
fgetc(), fputc(), fscanf()

Nested structures

Structure written inside another structure is called the nesting of two structures. Structure members are accessed using the [.]dot operator.

The syntax for structure within a structure or nested structure

              struct structure1
              {
                     - - - - - - - - - -
                     - - - - - - - - - -
              };

              struct structure2
              {
                     - - - - - - - - - -
                     - - - - - - - - - -
                     struct structure1 obj;
              };

There are two types of structure used in a nested structure

1. By separate structure
2. By Embedded structure

1. Separate structure

In a separate structure, we can create one or more structures inside the main structure as a member.

Syntax:

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strcut Dob{ int date; char month[20]; int year; } struct class{ int id; char nm[30]; struct Dob doj; }std1;

2. Embedded structure:

The embedded structure can be created within the structure. Let us consider how to declare the embedded structure.

Syntax:

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struct class { int id; char name[20]; struct Dob { int data; char month[20]; int year; }doj; }cla1;

Example

Write a program of Nested structure in C language.

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#include <stdio.h> struct class{ int id; char ename[20]; struct date { int date; int month; int year; }doj; } std = {101,"Mohan",{20,1,1990}}; int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ printf("\nEmployee SSN : %d",cla.id); printf("\nEmployee Name : %s",cla.ename); printf("\nEmployee DOJ :%d/%d/%d",cla.doj.date,cla.doj.month,cla.doj.year); return 0; }

Output

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Employee SSN : 01 Employee Name : Rohan Employee DOJ :20/1/1990

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